Insect repellents unh cooperative extension university of new. The purpose of pro201603 was to consult on proposed regulatory requirements for the assessment of risk to human health for a specific type of nonconventional pest control product, essential oilbased personal insect repellents eopir. Repellent information disease surveillance epidemiology. Apply only to the parts of the body that are exposed. The information below and our insect repellent locator can be useful when deciding on insect repellents. However, its important that insect repellents are used safely and correctly. Pdf research on mosquito chemical repellents continues to advance.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title. Registered citronella oil repellents protect people against mosquito bites for less than one hour. One way to protect your child from biting insects is to use insect repellents. These active ingredients are found in eparegistered skinapplied insect repellents. Whether you need extra protection for your garden or your skin, these herbs and flowers are natures insect repellents. What are the most common side effects with insect repellents.
When not using insect repellents, store them in a cool, dry place out of the reach of children, preferably in a locked cabinet. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Nepetalactone, the active ingredient present in catnip plant extracts, is known to occur as two isomers. Insect repellents are products used to prevent insects from biting you. People who are concerned about using repellents may wish to consult their health care provider for advice. Where these diseases are prevalent, the cdc recommends use of insect repellents when outofdoors. Insect repellents help prevent malaria and other diseases spread by mosquitoes every year, millions of u. Comparing efficacy of deet and other insect repellents. How can you know which active ingredient a product contains. Most natural insect repellents such as citronella, neem oil, and herbal extracts are no longer permitted for sale as insect repellents in the eu due to their lack of effectiveness.
The university of arizona 4 cooperative extension botanicals citronella or lavender oil it is recommended that personal insect repellents such as citronella and oil of lavender not be used on children under 2 years of age. West nile virus is a potentially serious disease now established in california. These arthropods may carry pathogens like west nile virus and lyme disease, which can cause serious illness and even death. The national pesticide information center npic can also provide information through a tollfree number, 18008587378 or npic. Repellents can help reduce exposure to mosquito and tick bites. Insect repellents handbook, second edition summarizes evidencebased information on insect repellents to inform decisions by those involved with insect repellent research, development, and use. A brief guide insect repellents are substances that, when used as directed, can reduce tick, mosquito, and other insect bites. They dont actually repel insects, but rather block. Sometimes, it can be difficult to decide which product to use when you are planning to be outdoors.
The most common repellents are sprayed on your skin or clothes to keep insects off you. Mar 25, 2018 the use of natural and synthetic repellents, marketed in different pharmaceutical forms, is growing in the world due to the emerging vectorborne viral diseases as dengue, zika, chikungunya, yellow fever and malaria. Find out where to locate important information on pesticide labels using npics poster. Insect repellents help prevent malaria and other diseases.
Not only do insect repellents keep mosquitoes, ticks, biting flies, gnats and other bugs away, insect repellents are a safe and effective way to prevent insect borne diseases. Numerous products are available to repel mosquitoes and ticks. When purchasing repellents overseas, look for the active ingredients specified above on the product labels. Mosquito repellents 4 that cause perspiration, high humidity, high temperature, rainfall, and swimming safety of mosquito repellents the epa has determined that the normal use of deet does not present a health concern to the general u. Where can i get more information about using insect repellents on children. Only insect repellents that have been government approved for their safety and effectiveness are allowed for sale in canada. While this technical information is based on scientific testing guidelines and approved study methods, there are variations in the resulting protection times because of differences in the testing conditions. You can choose by specifying the insect, protection time, active ingredient, or other productspecific information. Insect repellents contain a product that repels insects without killing them. Repellents may interfere with the insect s ability to detect attractant chemicals that animals produce or they may prevent biting insects from landing.
A single registered repellent product may have multiple product names that a company may use for marketing purposes. This authoritative, singlesource reference makes it possible for you to quickly gain a working level of expertise about insect repellents, without. Read about types, features, and other mustknow topics in our insect repellent buying guide to make an informed choice. A new graphic appearing on the label of insect repellents applied to the skin helps consumers more easily identify for how long the repellent is effective against mosquitoes and ticks figure 302. Using insect repellents on children united states army. The global insect repellent market size was valued at usd 3. Insect repellents can help reduce exposure to mosquito bites that may. The way most people get infected is through a mosquito bite. A repellent is generally defined as a substance that discourages arthropods from landing or biting human skin. The american academy of pediatrics is an organization of 60,000 primary care pediatricians, pediatric medical subspecialists, and pediatric surgical specialists dedicated to the health, safety, and wellbeing of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. Using insect repellent allows you to continue to play and work outdoors with a reduced risk of mosquito bites. Includes how to apply them safely, which ones to use based on your unique situation, repellent safety and effectiveness, disease risk from mosquito and tick bites, protection time, active ingredients, epa regulation and registration, and product labeling.
Natural insect repellents repellents not registered with epa the effectiveness of nonepa registered insect repellents, including some natural repellents, is not known. Mosquito repellents 3 to apply to face, spray on hands first and then rub on face. Insect repellents are substances that, when used as directed. The most effective insect repellents include deet, picardin, bioud, oil of lemon eucalyptus and ir3535. By comparison, deer flies and horse flies are less sensitive to the chemical, but satisfactory relief from these noxious pests may be obtained if the repellent is applied liberally. Mosquitoes can carry diseases that infect humans and animals, including west nile virus.
Using insect repellent allows you to continue to spend time outdoors with a reduced risk of insect bites. Insect repellents national pesticide information center. Children may be particularly bothered by insects as they spend time playing outdoors and indoors. The national pesticide information center npic can also provide. Many insects do not bother us as we work and play, but some bite or sting. View more information on specific products and their protection times. Make sure you use a registered product that is labelled as an insect repellent for use on people, and read and follow all label directions. Insect repellent fact sheet summer time brings sun, fun, and bugs.
Insect repellents infectious diseases jama jama network. Best insect repellent buying guide consumer reports. Find the repellent that is right for you repellents. To protect yourself against diseases like chikungunya, dengue, and zika, cdc and epa recommend using an eparegistered insect repellent. Comparative efficacy of insect repellents against mosquito. Insect repellents come in many forms, including aerosols, sprays, liquids, creams, and sticks. The term insect repellent doesnt accurately reflect how these. There are many products on the market that claim to protect against insect bites. Global insect repellent market size, share industry report.
If you have questions or concerns about insect repellents, contact your health care provider. These diseases can cause serious illness and death in some cases. Insect repellents are lotions, sprays, or oils that are put on skin or clothing to lower the chance of. Repellents help prevent mosquito bites that may carry viruses such as west nile virus that can cause serious illness. Insect repellent products nc state extension publications. In recent years, several botanical insect repellents have become available on the market and most commonly include components from at least one of the following extracts. As a result, by 1956 the united states government had screened over 20,000 potential mosquito repellent compounds. Studies in epas database indicate that deet repels ticks for about two to ten hours, and mosquitoes from two to twelve hours depending on the percentage of deet in the product. The worldwide threat of arthropodtransmitted diseases, with their associated morbidity and mortality, underscores the need for effective insect repellents. Results are only eparegistered skinapplied products, meaning their safety and effectiveness have been tested and approved. Jan 01, 2015 for more information on how the environmental protection agency epa registers and regulates insect repellents, visit epas skinapplied repellents regulation webpage. The attractants for female mosquitoes include carbon dioxide and lactic acid present in sweat, and the resulting odor is recognized by chemoreceptors present in their antennae.
Insect repellent use and safety why should i use insect repellent. If you are also using sunscreen, apply sunscreen first and insect repellent second. Where can i get more information about the dod insect repellent system and protecting myself from insectborne disease. Insect repellents can help reduce your risk of being bitten by insects and therefore reduce your risk of getting a disease carried by mosquitoes or ticks. This information should not take the place of medical care and advice from your healthcare provider. They also use heat, movement, and visual cues to find a possible host. Regulatory directive dir201702, essential oilbased personal. Insect repellents applied to exposed skin should be used in conjunction with other preventive measures such as wearing pants and longsleeved shirts, and avoiding outdoor activities during peak mosquitobiting times. Read on for more information from the american academy of pediatrics aap about types of repellents, deet, using repellents safely, and other ways to protect your child from insect bites. These questions, and more, deserve sound answers before you head out into the wild of mother nature. This sheet talks about exposure to insect repellents in a pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Centers for disease control and prevention cdc strongly suggests using an. Mosquitoes and ticks are attracted to skin odors and the carbon dioxide we exhale.
For information on scientific studies that have compared the effects of eparegistered active ingredients and natural ingredients, visit the following resources. Over the past 50 years, experiments have validated its insect repellent activity 7, 8. Insect repellents this sheet talks about exposure to insect repellents in a pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Learn about five natural mosquito repellents that are derived from natural materials such as plants and other alternative methods to keep the. Growing consumer awareness regarding insect borne diseases due to increasing waste from household or commercials is anticipated to propel the market growth in the forecast period. Army public health center aphc, dod insect repellent system webpage.
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